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Thursday, March 14, 2019

Review of EVERYTHING UNDER by Daisy Johnson


3 Stars

This book came to my attention because it appeared on the Man Booker Prize shortlist and because it is a re-imagining of the Oedipus myth.  It has also received rave reviews.  Unfortunately, mine will not be one of those.

For the first 13 years of her life, Gretel Whiting lived on a canal boat with her mother Sarah.  Then they lived above a stable.  When Gretel was 16, Sarah disappeared.  Now 16 years later, they are reunited but Sarah is experiencing the early stages of dementia, so Gretel’s attempts to reconnect with her mother and learn her life story meet with limited success.  Gretel is especially interested in learning more about Marcus, a young man who lived with them for a month when she was 13, and what happened to him.

Reading this book is like floating down a turbid river in a disabled boat with flotsam snagging the boat and demanding your attention before it breaks free and moves on to be replaced by more debris.  The reader has no control over where the boat goes or what emerges from the water.  Then because the current is fast, nothing remains long enough for the reader to fully grasp it.  All one has is vague impressions.  Gretel speaks of the story as “some lies, some fabrications . . . hearsay, guesswork.”  I understand that the lack of clarity is intentional and central to the theme, but the constant ambiguity is just too much for my liking.

The Bonak is a perfect example of the novel’s ambiguity.  It is an ever-present menace though Gretel understands that “it’s not even a real word.  It doesn’t even exist” and is just an embodiment of “what we are afraid of.”  Then, however, Sarah captures the scaly creature:  “Its legs were short and strong, clawed; its mouth was long and toothy, its tail vanished into the murky water, its body was thick and rough until the belly, which was pale as churned cream.”  It even serves as food:  “The meat was gamey, a little like the fish we used to eat from the water.”  So is it real of just a manifestation? 

A major theme is that everything is fluid.  For example, gender and memory are fluid.  There are two transgender characters in the novel.  Gretel becomes Margot becomes Marcus, and there is more than one Gretel! The unreliability of memories is not a new idea because “everything we remember is passed down, thought over, is never the way that it was in reality.”  Gretel admits, “I couldn’t tell what I’d made up and what had really happened” and for Sarah, “memories flash like broken wine glasses in the dark and then are gone.”  Time is also shown as fluid; the novel moves back and forth through time and Gretel emphasizes that “the past did not die just because we wanted it to. . . . The past was not a thread trailing behind us but an anchor.”   

The novel also examines destiny and free will.  Some characters speak of having a lack of choice, a determinism.  And Gretel wants to scream at Sarah:  “I want to shout that you chose to leave me, no one made you do it, you cannot lie down behind your badly made decisions and call them fate or determinism or god.”  But then Gretel thinks that maybe “all of our choices are remnants of all the choices we made before.  As if decisions were shards from the bombs of our previous actions.”  And perhaps our personalities are determined by our environment:  “we are determined by our landscape, that our lives are decided by the hills and the rivers and the trees.”

All the rave reviews I’ve read inevitably refer to the lyrical style of the book as one of its outstanding elements.  The style is indeed lyrical with much reliance on imagery.  I did enjoy the playfulness with language.  Sarah and Gretel invented a language of their own:  sheesh time meant . . . some time alone.  A harpiedoodle was a small annoyance . . . Something comfortable or enjoyable, often soft or warm, was duvduv . . . effie meant the current was faster as in the water was effing along or effying along the banks; that sills was the noise the river made at night and grear the taste of it in the morning.”  My issue is that lyrical writing is not in itself sufficient; more is needed to sustain the narrative.

I enjoy re-tellings of myths but I didn’t find this one worked.  I found it difficult to believe that a teenager living at the end of the 20th century would unquestioningly believe a neighbour who tells her that she will kill her father and have sex with her mother.  Then there’s the problem of the author’s being selective about what parts of the myth to incorporate.  In addition, elements of the Hansel and Gretel fairy tale are added to muddy the waters. 

This is obviously not the book for me.  The constant ambiguity was by design but was just too much for me.  To continue my river analogy, at times I felt as if I’d been thrown into the murky water and was drowning.  Someone with more of a Type B personality might enjoy the novel, but it was a struggle for me.

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