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Thursday, March 28, 2019

Review of STEPPING STONES by Jan M. and John E. Milnes

1 Star
My book club decided to read a book by a local author so this one, written by a couple residing in the area, was chosen.  Their novel purports to be “based on the stories of immigrant children to Canada, including the British Home Children.”  Unfortunately, it often reads more like a history book than a novel. 

The book tells the story of three boys:  Skip, Benjy and John Buchan, the latter character based on a real person who settled in the part of Ontario where I live.  Skip is orphaned and Benjy is forced to leave his home; the two end up living on the streets of London.  John leaves Scotland looking for work but is unsuccessful and decides to immigrate to Canada.  On the ship, John becomes friends with Skip and Benjy who also decided to emigrate.  The book follows their lives in Canada for several years as they look for the jobs and family they did not have in England.

The book is 400+ pages but could be much shorter if all the extraneous details were deleted.  For instance, the following paragraph is totally unnecessary:  “The British Isles, made up of four distinct countries, England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, was controlled from England where the largest population resided.  This island state, sitting close to the European continent, was bound to the north by the North Sea and, to the west, by the Atlantic Ocean” (2).  What’s with the geography lesson?  At different points, the reader is given detailed information about terraced houses (9), a history of Leicester and Lady Jane Gray (65 – 70), a description of the pasturing habits of Herdwick sheep (91) and specifics about the Laurentian Mountains (297).  Did you know that William Wordsworth’s mother lived in Penrith (89)?  This type of irrelevant information crops up again and again and again.

What is also problematic is that the information isn’t always even correct.  The boys are told that, “’It’s the eggs of the Beluga whale. . . that provide the Russian people with black caviar . . . the huge water mammals swam from Canada all the way across the Atlantic Ocean to the waters of Russia’” (132).  The Belugas found in the St. Lawrence do not swim across the Atlantic, and it’s not a mammal but a fish, the Beluga sturgeon, which provides the roe for caviar!  Did you know that “’Although the Rocky Mountains extend all the way into Mexico, the finest part is the Canadian section because this is mainly a natural mountain range.  Our neighbours to the south see their section of the mountains as being largely converted into parks’” (282).  The authors seem to have confused Mexico and New Mexico!  And including mountains in parks causes the mountains to be transformed?  And anyone who believes that Renfrew, Ontario, is in northern Ontario (379) has never looked at a map of the province!

Then there’s the repetition!  We are told “the rich factory owners lived off the backs of the poor and would readily sacrifice anyone if they could profit from their actions” (4) and “Not content with the huge profits gained on the backs of hard working families the rich factory owners were now turning to the use of semi-automatic machines” (88) and “a few getting rich on the backs of the  many who were desperately poor” (91) and “History has shown the rich will, all too often, walk over everyone as they climb to the top of the heap” (109) and “the rich got richer on the backs of the poor” (110) and “There would always be a class of people who would readily clamber over the backs of the less able to gain riches they hardly deserved” (138).  The value of oxen to farmers is discussed on pages 148 – 149 and then repeated on page 186 and again on page 222.  The need for farmers to have hay for winter feed for their animals is mentioned on pages 179, 180, and 186 while the multiple uses for wheat are discussed on pages 249, 251 and 254.  This repetition even extends to words:  “the ship’s owners saw a profit existed in having a human cargo as ballast” and the youngsters “as ballast . . . provided a profit for the lumber carrier” and “Below decks cabins were being squeezed into tight quarters to accommodate this different type of cargo, the human ballast.  This ballast was, for the owners, the best kind because it gave them more earning benefit.  It mattered not to the ship owners the ballast was in the form of many unhappy youngsters.”  The same word is repeated 5 times within 4 paragraphs (108 – 109).  In six consecutive paragraphs, the word “louts” appears 7 times (49-50). 

Characterization is a problem.  All three immigrants are exceptional people who can do no wrong.  All are intelligent and talented and recognized as leaders.  Skip immediately becomes the leader of a group of street children (26, 32, 33, 46) and John is the leader to a group of immigrant children (114, 122, 125, 138).  Skip is so talented that though he is given a job “beyond most budding engineers” his finished product is of “superb quality” (158) and he even notices an error a design engineer missed (195-196).  Benjy becomes a hero for saving the lives of two children and John’s honesty is such that it is mentioned on his tombstone. 

Some events in the plot make no sense.  Skip and Benjy are taken in by a couple who give them work on their farm and treat them very kindly.  The boys think of the farm as a “corner of heaven” (58) especially because “Never before had either boy had such plentiful meals of excellent quality” (60).  They could have the family they both want.  But they leave?!  John decides early on that “his real ambition was to walk the path of a farmer” (87) but “John’s first ambition was not to possess or own a farm” (296).  Why, though he is able to always get a job in farming because of his reputation, does he decide “to earn a living in a maple sugar bush” (297)?  Then we are told that while “laboring on the farms of others, his eyes were ever open for the opportunity to buy his own farm” because of “his enthusiasm to be a self-sufficient farmer” (346)?  The boys need to work for 5 years (79, 166) when they first arrive in Canada, yet just after Benjy has experienced his first snowfall (and built a snowplow!), his employer “knew he would not have this creative young man for much longer” (277)?

The writing style is weak.  Clichés abound:  all the street children are “tarred with the same brush” (47); people are born with “a silver spoon in their mouths” (50-51); the boys think about “hitting the road” (54); John has “his heart on his sleeve” (101); and cows provide “the bread and butter of the farm’s livelihood” (211).  Plurals become singular so that shoes have one pointed toe (39), two boys have one huge appetite (71), and, on the same page, all the immigrants have both one new life and new lives (133).  Some sections make no sense:  Benjy thinks “everything in the world was just perfect” but four sentences later he “dreamed of better to-morrows” (229).  A morning is described as “mist marred” and having a “somewhat dreary appearance” (115) but two paragraphs later it is “a beautiful morning” (116).  How is a face “coloured with the flavour of ancestors” (241)?  Choice of diction is strange:  waves on a beach are described as a “turbulent aquatic invasion” (16) and street children live in a ‘homeless urban community’ – a phrase always enclosed in single quotation marks.  What is “false humidity” (120)?  To describe a lack of heat, why would an image of a “hot knife through butter” (36) be used?  Considering the length of the book, dialogue is sparse.  What is included is often stilted and unrealistic.  An uneducated child would ask, “’Do you think he could have picked up some morsel containing rat poison when we went around the restaurant bins’” (52)?   

Then there are the spelling and grammar problems.  Lightning is misspelled three times as “lightening” (253, 356, 407).  There seems to have been an aversion to the use of the comma.  Sentences with long introductory phrases and clauses do not have commas:  “While having Scamp by his side as a constant companion was comfort to him the dog was also seen as the protector of the group” (33) and “Hardly bigger than some of the children he was trying to help the tough Scottish lad had been readily accepted by the group as their leader” (125) and “Striding over to the first cow to be milked he saw that Elijah had already washed down the udders so he was able to start his milking right away” (303). When commas are used, they are used incorrectly so comma splices result:  “’I remember hearing about him, we were told he was the most famous king’” (68).  Of course sometimes there are run-on sentences:  “It was not just bossy it was defensive and could even be aggressive” (183). 

This self-published book was probably written with the best of intentions, but it requires major revision and editing.  It is not an understatement to say it is a monotonous read with few of the elements of literary fiction. 

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